What is the primary function of a detergent in the cleaning process?

The primary function of a detergent in the cleaning process is to act as a cleaning agent that lowers surface tension, allowing it to effectively dislodge or dissolve soils. Detergents contain surfactants, which reduce the surface tension of water, making it easier for the liquid to penetrate and emulsify dirt, grease, and other contaminants. This is especially important when cleaning flexible endoscopes and other medical instruments, where thorough removal of organic and inorganic matter is critical for ensuring proper sterilization and preventing infection.

In contrast, scent enhancers, thickening agents, and preservatives, while sometimes included in cleaning formulations, do not serve the primary purpose of cleaning. Scent enhancers may make a cleaning solution more pleasant to use, thickening agents might alter the viscosity but do not directly contribute to cleaning efficacy, and preservatives are intended to maintain the integrity of the product over time rather than remove soils. Therefore, the role of a detergent as a cleaning agent that facilitates the removal of contaminants is fundamental to the cleaning process.