What is biofilm primarily composed of?

Biofilm is primarily composed of polysaccharides, which are complex carbohydrates formed by long chains of sugar molecules. These polysaccharides create a protective matrix that helps microorganisms adhere to surfaces and provides structural support. The matrix allows bacteria to aggregate and form a community, enhancing their survival and resistance against external threats, such as antibiotics and the immune system.

While proteins, cellular debris, and salts can also be present as components of biofilm, polysaccharides serve as the key structural element that facilitates the formation and stability of the biofilm environment. This characteristic is significant in the context of infection control and reprocessing of flexible endoscopes, since biofilm can harbor pathogens and make them more difficult to eradicate during disinfection processes. Understanding the composition of biofilm helps in developing effective cleaning and sterilization protocols to ensure that endoscopic instruments are safe for use.